1.Developers are not in a situation to read/go through all the information attached with defects, how do u represent bugs in
graphs so that developers can have a quick understanding of the bugs.
2.after testing u have founnd 7 significant and 123 minor bugs in your project. There is one project leader, one assistant
project leader and seven developers. After tracking causes for bugs it was observed that all the developers were responsible
the bugs, how will you assign these bugs to development team? justify your approach?
3.your team has performed enough functional testing on a project now management wants to do structural testing? suggest your
views, advantages,disadvantages of structural testing.
4. your team needs to perform inspection for the requirements of a project, provide approaches/guidlines/checklist for your
team.
5.Your organisation is about to purchase a COtS (commercial off the shelf software) and it happened the team which u r
heading is responisble for validate that CTOS, what approaches/types of testing will u use in this context?
6.Explain Boundary value analysis with example,advantages,disadvantages..
7.If u have to suggest 3 domains out of CBOK's 12 domains to a new Test Engineer who is about to learn testing. which 3
domains u suggest and justify u r answer with u r views.
8.Till now u are working on a legacy systems in which u were following "Waterfall Model" now u r about to do
testing for a web based system, how testing should go on in this situation? write u r openions,views,approaches and justify them.
9.state and describe Four attributes of use cases.
10.Explain how Code inspections would be done and explain the advantages of carrying out Code inspections before unit testing?
11.There are many code coverage techniques. Explain any two coverage methods with brief descirption and their usage in testing?
12.For some particular project in an organization, testers have been asked to test for Reliability, Usability and
Testability. Define and Explain why you would test for these factors?
13.Explain any three suspension criteria you would suggest for terminating testing of a project and write u r
views/approaches...
14.The software is made keeping in view the producer's quality perspective i.e. it should fulfill the requirements.The customer perspective is "fit for use".Would you suggest that the Customer's perspective should be taken care of. How will it benefit the software and organization a a whole?? State your views and justify it
Regards,
Bharath
Thursday, June 21, 2007
Details Regarding CSTE Exam
Hi,
CSTE examinations consists of 4 parts, 2 subjective & 2 objective.
To get CSTE certifcation we need to score 75% in each of 4 parts, otherwise we need
to give all 4 parts again to get certified
Objective papers will be 50 questions and need to complete in 45 minutes Subjctive papers will contains 7-8 scenarios and 75 minutes time
will be given to solve.
Regards,
Bharath Kumar Penimalla
CSTE examinations consists of 4 parts, 2 subjective & 2 objective.
To get CSTE certifcation we need to score 75% in each of 4 parts, otherwise we need
to give all 4 parts again to get certified
Objective papers will be 50 questions and need to complete in 45 minutes Subjctive papers will contains 7-8 scenarios and 75 minutes time
will be given to solve.
Regards,
Bharath Kumar Penimalla
Friday, June 15, 2007
SYNCOTA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
SYNCOTA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
1.what is a test plan
2.Actually when will be the testing people will be involved in the project
3.Define low priority and high severity
4.Whom do you report the Bugs
5.what are the contents present in a test plan
6.which model will you follow
7.Which Bug tracking tool do you use and what are the contents present in it
8.If a bug is reported what will be the Next work done
9. How to write test cases using Use case diagrams
10.For a given condition (X>=0<100) how many test cases you can write
Regards,
Bharath Kumar Penimalla
1.what is a test plan
2.Actually when will be the testing people will be involved in the project
3.Define low priority and high severity
4.Whom do you report the Bugs
5.what are the contents present in a test plan
6.which model will you follow
7.Which Bug tracking tool do you use and what are the contents present in it
8.If a bug is reported what will be the Next work done
9. How to write test cases using Use case diagrams
10.For a given condition (X>=0<100) how many test cases you can write
Regards,
Bharath Kumar Penimalla
TESTING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (SECOND ROUND)
TESTING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (SECOND ROUND)
1. What are joins and subjoins in the data bases
2. what is data driven testing
3. what is verification and validation
4. What is Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC)
5. Is Verification is related to QA and Validation is related to QC ?
6. which type of model you follow basically in your project
7. what is a use case
8. How to test a Bike
9. how to test a Lift (Elevator).
10. which configuration Management tool do you use
11. which Bug tracking tool do you use
12. explain Bug life cycle
13. what is Regression testing
14. what is ALPHA testing ans BETA testing
15. What types of testings comes under Non functional testing
16. what is TEST DIRECTOR
17. what is CMM and CMM i
18. whar are Expressions in Winrunner
19. What is a Compile module
20. Is it Necessary to open the tool first or the application first
21. after getting a bug what will you do
22. if you add a new object or a new module for the existing application then how will you test the application
23. which Defect tracking tool do you use
24. what is change management
25. What is smoke Testing
26. what is sanity testing
27. A application is given to you but the requirements and functionalities are missing what will you do to start the testing
28. which testing documents will be received by the client
Regards,
Bharath Kumar penimalla
1. What are joins and subjoins in the data bases
2. what is data driven testing
3. what is verification and validation
4. What is Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC)
5. Is Verification is related to QA and Validation is related to QC ?
6. which type of model you follow basically in your project
7. what is a use case
8. How to test a Bike
9. how to test a Lift (Elevator).
10. which configuration Management tool do you use
11. which Bug tracking tool do you use
12. explain Bug life cycle
13. what is Regression testing
14. what is ALPHA testing ans BETA testing
15. What types of testings comes under Non functional testing
16. what is TEST DIRECTOR
17. what is CMM and CMM i
18. whar are Expressions in Winrunner
19. What is a Compile module
20. Is it Necessary to open the tool first or the application first
21. after getting a bug what will you do
22. if you add a new object or a new module for the existing application then how will you test the application
23. which Defect tracking tool do you use
24. what is change management
25. What is smoke Testing
26. what is sanity testing
27. A application is given to you but the requirements and functionalities are missing what will you do to start the testing
28. which testing documents will be received by the client
Regards,
Bharath Kumar penimalla
Questions On LoadRunner
Questions on load runner
Interview Questions- Load Runner
1. What is load testing? Load testing is to test that if the application works fine with the loads that result from large number of simultaneous users, transactions and to determine weather it can handle peak usage periods.
2. What is Performance testing? - Timing for both read and update transactions should be gathered to determine whether system functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe. This should be done standalone and then in a multi user environment to determine the effect of multiple transactions on the timing of a single transaction.
3. Did u use LoadRunner? What version? Yes. Version 7.2.
4. Explain the Load testing process? -
Step 1: Planning the test. Here, we develop a clearly defined test plan to ensure the test scenarios we develop will accomplish load-testing objectives. Step 2: Creating Vusers. Here, we create Vuser scripts that contain tasks performed by each Vuser, tasks performed by Vusers as a whole, and tasks measured as transactions. Step 3: Creating the scenario. A scenario describes the events that occur during a testing session. It includes a list of machines, scripts, and Vusers that run during the scenario. We create scenarios using LoadRunner Controller. We can create manual scenarios as well as goal-oriented scenarios. In manual scenarios, we define the number of Vusers, the load generator machines, and percentage of Vusers to be assigned to each script. For web tests, we may create a goal-oriented scenario where we define the goal that our test has to achieve. LoadRunner automatically builds a scenario for us. Step 4: Running the scenario.
We emulate load on the server by instructing multiple Vusers to perform tasks simultaneously. Before the testing, we set the scenario configuration and scheduling. We can run the entire scenario, Vuser groups, or individual Vusers. Step 5: Monitoring the scenario.
We monitor scenario execution using the LoadRunner online runtime, transaction, system resource, Web resource, Web server resource, Web application server resource, database server resource, network delay, streaming media resource, firewall server resource, ERP server resource, and Java performance monitors. Step 6: Analyzing test results. During scenario execution, LoadRunner records the performance of the application under different loads. We use LoadRunner’s graphs and reports to analyze the application’s performance.
5. When do you do load and performance Testing? - We perform load testing once we are done with interface (GUI) testing. Modern system architectures are large and complex. Whereas single user testing primarily on functionality and user interface of a system component, application testing focuses on performance and reliability of an entire system. For example, a typical application-testing scenario might depict 1000 users logging in simultaneously to a system. This gives rise to issues such as what is the response time of the system, does it crash, will it go with different software applications and platforms, can it hold so many hundreds and thousands of users, etc. This is when we set do load and performance testing.
6. What are the components of LoadRunner? - The components of LoadRunner are The Virtual User Generator, Controller, and the Agent process, LoadRunner Analysis and Monitoring, LoadRunner Books Online.
7. What Component of LoadRunner would you use to record a Script? - The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) component is used to record a script. It enables you to develop Vuser scripts for a variety of application types and communication protocols.
8. What Component of LoadRunner would you use to play Back the script in multi user mode? - The Controller component is used to playback the script in multi-user mode. This is done during a scenario run where a vuser script is executed by a number of vusers in a group.
9. What is a rendezvous point? - You insert rendezvous points into Vuser scripts to emulate heavy user load on the server. Rendezvous points instruct Vusers to wait during test execution for multiple Vusers to arrive at a certain point, in order that they may simultaneously perform a task. For example, to emulate peak load on the bank server, you can insert a rendezvous point instructing 100 Vusers to deposit cash into their accounts at the same time.
10. What is a scenario? - A scenario defines the events that occur during each testing session. For example, a scenario defines and controls the number of users to emulate, the actions to be performed, and the machines on which the virtual users run their emulations.
11. Explain the recording mode for web Vuser script? - We use VuGen to develop a Vuser script by recording a user performing typical business processes on a client application. VuGen creates the script by recording the activity between the client and the server. For example, in web based applications, VuGen monitors the client end of the database and traces all the requests sent to, and received from, the database server. We use VuGen to: Monitor the communication between the application and the server; Generate the required function calls; and Insert the generated function calls into a Vuser script.
12. Why do you create parameters? - Parameters are like script variables. They are used to vary input to the server and to emulate real users. Different sets of data are sent to the server each time the script is run. Better simulate the usage model for more accurate testing from the Controller; one script can emulate many different users on the system.
13. What is correlation? Explain the difference between automatic correlation and manual correlation? - Correlation is used to obtain data which are unique for each run of the script and which are generated by nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values and also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries). Automatic correlation is where we set some rules for correlation. It can be application server specific. Here values are replaced by data which are created by these rules. In manual correlation, the value we want to correlate is scanned and create correlation is used to correlate.
14. How do you find out where correlation is required? Give few examples from your projects? - Two ways: First we can scan for correlations, and see the list of values which can be correlated. From this we can pick a value to be correlated. Secondly, we can record two scripts and compare them. We can look up the difference file to see for the values which needed to be correlated. In my project, there was a unique id developed for each customer, it was nothing but Insurance Number, it was generated automatically and it was sequential and this value was unique. I had to correlate this value, in order to avoid errors while running my script. I did using scan for correlation.
15. Where do you set automatic correlation options? - Automatic correlation from web point of view can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire script and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created.
16. What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web Vuser script? - Web_reg_save_param function saves dynamic data information to a parameter.
17. When do you disable log in Virtual User Generator, When do you choose standard and extended logs? - Once we debug our script and verify that it is functional, we can enable logging for errors only. When we add a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. Standard Log Option: When you select
Standard log, it creates a standard log of functions and messages sent during script execution to use for debugging. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled Extended Log Option: Select
extended log to create an extended log, including warnings and other messages. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. We can specify which additional information should be added to the extended log using the Extended log options.
18. How do you debug a LoadRunner script? - VuGen contains two options to help debug Vuser scripts-the Run Step by Step command and breakpoints. The Debug settings in the Options dialog box allow us to determine the extent of the trace to be performed during scenario execution. The debug information is written to the Output window. We can manually set the message class within your script using the lr_set_debug_message function. This is useful if we want to receive debug information about a small section of the script only.
19. How do you write user defined functions in LR? Give me few functions you wrote in your previous project? - Before we create the User Defined functions we need to create the external
library (DLL) with the function. We add this library to VuGen bin directory. Once the library is added then we assign user defined function as a parameter. The function should have the following format: __declspec (dllexport) char*(char*, char*)Examples of user defined functions are as follows:GetVersion, GetCurrentTime, GetPltform are some of the user defined functions used in my earlier project.
20. What are the changes you can make in run-time settings? - The Run Time Settings that we make are: a) Pacing - It has iteration count. b) Log - Under this we have Disable Logging Standard Log and c) Extended Think Time - In think time we have two options like Ignore think time and Replay think time. d) General - Under general tab we can set the vusers as process or as multithreading and whether each step as a transaction.
21. How do you perform functional testing under load? - Functionality under load can be tested by running several Vusers concurrently. By increasing the amount of Vusers, we can determine how much load the server can sustain.
22. What is Ramp up? How do you set this? - This option is used to gradually increase the amount of Vusers/load on the server. An initial value is set and a value to wait between intervals can be
specified. To set Ramp Up, go to ‘Scenario Scheduling Options’
23. What is the advantage of running the Vuser as thread? - VuGen provides the facility to use multithreading. This enables more Vusers to be run per
generator. If the Vuser is run as a process, the same driver program is loaded into memory for each Vuser, thus taking up a large amount of memory. This limits the number of Vusers that can be run on a single
generator. If the Vuser is run as a thread, only one instance of the driver program is loaded into memory for the given number of
Vusers (say 100). Each thread shares the memory of the parent driver program, thus enabling more Vusers to be run per generator.
24. If you want to stop the execution of your script on error, how do you do that? - The lr_abort function aborts the execution of a Vuser script. It instructs the Vuser to stop executing the Actions section, execute the vuser_end section and end the execution. This function is useful when you need to manually abort a script execution as a result of a specific error condition. When you end a script using this function, the Vuser is assigned the status "Stopped". For this to take effect, we have to first uncheck the “Continue on error” option in Run-Time Settings.
25. What is the relation between Response Time and Throughput? - The Throughput graph shows the amount of data in bytes that the Vusers received from the server in a second. When we compare this with the transaction response time, we will notice that as throughput decreased, the response time also decreased. Similarly, the peak throughput and highest response time would occur approximately at the same time.
26. Explain the Configuration of your systems? - The configuration of our systems refers to that of the client machines on which we run the Vusers. The configuration of any client machine includes its hardware settings, memory, operating system, software applications, development tools, etc. This system component configuration should match with the overall system configuration that would include the network infrastructure, the web server, the database server, and any other components that go with this larger system so as to achieve the load testing objectives.
27. How do you identify the performance bottlenecks? - Performance Bottlenecks can be detected by using monitors. These monitors might be application server monitors, web server monitors, database server monitors and network monitors. They help in finding out the troubled area in our scenario which causes increased response time. The measurements made are usually performance response time, throughput, hits/sec, network delay graphs, etc.
28. If web server, database and Network are all fine where could be the problem? - The problem could be in the system itself or in the application server or in the code written for the application.
29. How did you find web server related issues? - Using Web resource monitors we can find the performance of web servers. Using these monitors we can analyze throughput on the web server, number of hits per second that
occurred during scenario, the number of http responses per second, the number of downloaded pages per second.
30. How did you find database related issues? - By running “Database” monitor and help of “Data Resource Graph” we can find database related issues. E.g. You can specify the resource you want to measure on before running the controller and than you can see database related issues
31. How did you plan the Load? What are the Criteria? - Load test is planned to decide the number of users, what kind of machines we are going to use and from where they are run. It is based on 2 important documents, Task Distribution Diagram and Transaction profile. Task Distribution Diagram gives us the information on number of users for a particular transaction and the time of the load. The peak usage and off-usage are decided from this Diagram. Transaction profile gives us the information about the transactions name and their priority levels with regard to the scenario we are deciding.
32. What does vuser_init action contain? - Vuser_init action contains procedures to login to a server.
33. What does vuser_end action contain? - Vuser_end section contains log off procedures.
34. What is think time? How do you change the threshold? - Think time is the time that a real user waits between actions. Example: When a user receives data from a server, the user may wait several seconds to review the data before responding. This delay is known as the think time. Changing the Threshold: Threshold level is the level below which the recorded think time will be ignored. The default value is five (5) seconds. We can change the think time threshold in the Recording options of the Vugen.
35. What is the difference between standard log and extended log? - The standard log sends a subset of functions and messages sent during script execution to a log. The subset depends on the Vuser type Extended log sends a detailed script execution messages to the output log. This is mainly used during debugging when we want information about: Parameter substitution. Data returned by the server. Advanced trace.
36. Explain the following functions: - lr_debug_message - The lr_debug_message function sends a debug message to the output log when the specified message class is set. lr_output_message - The lr_output_message function sends notifications to the Controller Output window and the Vuser log file. lr_error_message - The lr_error_message function sends an error message to the LoadRunner Output window. lrd_stmt - The lrd_stmt function associates a character string (usually a SQL statement) with a cursor. This function sets a SQL statement to be processed. lrd_fetch - The lrd_fetch function fetches the next row from the result set.
37. Throughput - If the throughput scales upward as time progresses and the number of Vusers increase, this indicates that the bandwidth is sufficient. If the graph were to remain relatively flat as the number of Vusers increased, it would
be reasonable to conclude that the bandwidth is constraining the volume of
data delivered.
38. Types of Goals in Goal-Oriented Scenario - Load Runner provides you with five different types of goals in a goal oriented scenario:
o The number of concurrent Vusers
o The number of hits per second
o The number of transactions per second
o The number of pages per minute
o The transaction response time that you want your scenario
39. Analysis Scenario (Bottlenecks): In Running Vuser graph correlated with the response time graph you can see that as the number of Vusers increases, the average response time of the check itinerary transaction very gradually increases. In other words, the average response time steadily increases as the load
increases. At 56 Vusers, there is a sudden, sharp increase in the average response
time. We say that the test broke the server. That is the mean time before failure (MTBF). The response time clearly began to degrade when there were more than 56 Vusers running simultaneously.
40. What is correlation? Explain the difference between automatic correlation and manual correlation? - Correlation is used to obtain data which are unique for each run of the script and which are generated by nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values and also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries). Automatic correlation is where we set some rules for correlation. It can be application server specific. Here values are replaced by data which are created by these rules. In manual correlation, the value we want to correlate is scanned and create correlation is used to correlate.
41. Where do you set automatic correlation options? - Automatic correlation from web point of view, can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire script and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database, can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created.
42. What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web vuser script? - Web_reg_save_param function saves dynamic data information to a parameter.
Regards,
Bharath Kumar penimalla
Interview Questions- Load Runner
1. What is load testing? Load testing is to test that if the application works fine with the loads that result from large number of simultaneous users, transactions and to determine weather it can handle peak usage periods.
2. What is Performance testing? - Timing for both read and update transactions should be gathered to determine whether system functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe. This should be done standalone and then in a multi user environment to determine the effect of multiple transactions on the timing of a single transaction.
3. Did u use LoadRunner? What version? Yes. Version 7.2.
4. Explain the Load testing process? -
Step 1: Planning the test. Here, we develop a clearly defined test plan to ensure the test scenarios we develop will accomplish load-testing objectives. Step 2: Creating Vusers. Here, we create Vuser scripts that contain tasks performed by each Vuser, tasks performed by Vusers as a whole, and tasks measured as transactions. Step 3: Creating the scenario. A scenario describes the events that occur during a testing session. It includes a list of machines, scripts, and Vusers that run during the scenario. We create scenarios using LoadRunner Controller. We can create manual scenarios as well as goal-oriented scenarios. In manual scenarios, we define the number of Vusers, the load generator machines, and percentage of Vusers to be assigned to each script. For web tests, we may create a goal-oriented scenario where we define the goal that our test has to achieve. LoadRunner automatically builds a scenario for us. Step 4: Running the scenario.
We emulate load on the server by instructing multiple Vusers to perform tasks simultaneously. Before the testing, we set the scenario configuration and scheduling. We can run the entire scenario, Vuser groups, or individual Vusers. Step 5: Monitoring the scenario.
We monitor scenario execution using the LoadRunner online runtime, transaction, system resource, Web resource, Web server resource, Web application server resource, database server resource, network delay, streaming media resource, firewall server resource, ERP server resource, and Java performance monitors. Step 6: Analyzing test results. During scenario execution, LoadRunner records the performance of the application under different loads. We use LoadRunner’s graphs and reports to analyze the application’s performance.
5. When do you do load and performance Testing? - We perform load testing once we are done with interface (GUI) testing. Modern system architectures are large and complex. Whereas single user testing primarily on functionality and user interface of a system component, application testing focuses on performance and reliability of an entire system. For example, a typical application-testing scenario might depict 1000 users logging in simultaneously to a system. This gives rise to issues such as what is the response time of the system, does it crash, will it go with different software applications and platforms, can it hold so many hundreds and thousands of users, etc. This is when we set do load and performance testing.
6. What are the components of LoadRunner? - The components of LoadRunner are The Virtual User Generator, Controller, and the Agent process, LoadRunner Analysis and Monitoring, LoadRunner Books Online.
7. What Component of LoadRunner would you use to record a Script? - The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) component is used to record a script. It enables you to develop Vuser scripts for a variety of application types and communication protocols.
8. What Component of LoadRunner would you use to play Back the script in multi user mode? - The Controller component is used to playback the script in multi-user mode. This is done during a scenario run where a vuser script is executed by a number of vusers in a group.
9. What is a rendezvous point? - You insert rendezvous points into Vuser scripts to emulate heavy user load on the server. Rendezvous points instruct Vusers to wait during test execution for multiple Vusers to arrive at a certain point, in order that they may simultaneously perform a task. For example, to emulate peak load on the bank server, you can insert a rendezvous point instructing 100 Vusers to deposit cash into their accounts at the same time.
10. What is a scenario? - A scenario defines the events that occur during each testing session. For example, a scenario defines and controls the number of users to emulate, the actions to be performed, and the machines on which the virtual users run their emulations.
11. Explain the recording mode for web Vuser script? - We use VuGen to develop a Vuser script by recording a user performing typical business processes on a client application. VuGen creates the script by recording the activity between the client and the server. For example, in web based applications, VuGen monitors the client end of the database and traces all the requests sent to, and received from, the database server. We use VuGen to: Monitor the communication between the application and the server; Generate the required function calls; and Insert the generated function calls into a Vuser script.
12. Why do you create parameters? - Parameters are like script variables. They are used to vary input to the server and to emulate real users. Different sets of data are sent to the server each time the script is run. Better simulate the usage model for more accurate testing from the Controller; one script can emulate many different users on the system.
13. What is correlation? Explain the difference between automatic correlation and manual correlation? - Correlation is used to obtain data which are unique for each run of the script and which are generated by nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values and also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries). Automatic correlation is where we set some rules for correlation. It can be application server specific. Here values are replaced by data which are created by these rules. In manual correlation, the value we want to correlate is scanned and create correlation is used to correlate.
14. How do you find out where correlation is required? Give few examples from your projects? - Two ways: First we can scan for correlations, and see the list of values which can be correlated. From this we can pick a value to be correlated. Secondly, we can record two scripts and compare them. We can look up the difference file to see for the values which needed to be correlated. In my project, there was a unique id developed for each customer, it was nothing but Insurance Number, it was generated automatically and it was sequential and this value was unique. I had to correlate this value, in order to avoid errors while running my script. I did using scan for correlation.
15. Where do you set automatic correlation options? - Automatic correlation from web point of view can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire script and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created.
16. What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web Vuser script? - Web_reg_save_param function saves dynamic data information to a parameter.
17. When do you disable log in Virtual User Generator, When do you choose standard and extended logs? - Once we debug our script and verify that it is functional, we can enable logging for errors only. When we add a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. Standard Log Option: When you select
Standard log, it creates a standard log of functions and messages sent during script execution to use for debugging. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled Extended Log Option: Select
extended log to create an extended log, including warnings and other messages. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. We can specify which additional information should be added to the extended log using the Extended log options.
18. How do you debug a LoadRunner script? - VuGen contains two options to help debug Vuser scripts-the Run Step by Step command and breakpoints. The Debug settings in the Options dialog box allow us to determine the extent of the trace to be performed during scenario execution. The debug information is written to the Output window. We can manually set the message class within your script using the lr_set_debug_message function. This is useful if we want to receive debug information about a small section of the script only.
19. How do you write user defined functions in LR? Give me few functions you wrote in your previous project? - Before we create the User Defined functions we need to create the external
library (DLL) with the function. We add this library to VuGen bin directory. Once the library is added then we assign user defined function as a parameter. The function should have the following format: __declspec (dllexport) char*
20. What are the changes you can make in run-time settings? - The Run Time Settings that we make are: a) Pacing - It has iteration count. b) Log - Under this we have Disable Logging Standard Log and c) Extended Think Time - In think time we have two options like Ignore think time and Replay think time. d) General - Under general tab we can set the vusers as process or as multithreading and whether each step as a transaction.
21. How do you perform functional testing under load? - Functionality under load can be tested by running several Vusers concurrently. By increasing the amount of Vusers, we can determine how much load the server can sustain.
22. What is Ramp up? How do you set this? - This option is used to gradually increase the amount of Vusers/load on the server. An initial value is set and a value to wait between intervals can be
specified. To set Ramp Up, go to ‘Scenario Scheduling Options’
23. What is the advantage of running the Vuser as thread? - VuGen provides the facility to use multithreading. This enables more Vusers to be run per
generator. If the Vuser is run as a process, the same driver program is loaded into memory for each Vuser, thus taking up a large amount of memory. This limits the number of Vusers that can be run on a single
generator. If the Vuser is run as a thread, only one instance of the driver program is loaded into memory for the given number of
Vusers (say 100). Each thread shares the memory of the parent driver program, thus enabling more Vusers to be run per generator.
24. If you want to stop the execution of your script on error, how do you do that? - The lr_abort function aborts the execution of a Vuser script. It instructs the Vuser to stop executing the Actions section, execute the vuser_end section and end the execution. This function is useful when you need to manually abort a script execution as a result of a specific error condition. When you end a script using this function, the Vuser is assigned the status "Stopped". For this to take effect, we have to first uncheck the “Continue on error” option in Run-Time Settings.
25. What is the relation between Response Time and Throughput? - The Throughput graph shows the amount of data in bytes that the Vusers received from the server in a second. When we compare this with the transaction response time, we will notice that as throughput decreased, the response time also decreased. Similarly, the peak throughput and highest response time would occur approximately at the same time.
26. Explain the Configuration of your systems? - The configuration of our systems refers to that of the client machines on which we run the Vusers. The configuration of any client machine includes its hardware settings, memory, operating system, software applications, development tools, etc. This system component configuration should match with the overall system configuration that would include the network infrastructure, the web server, the database server, and any other components that go with this larger system so as to achieve the load testing objectives.
27. How do you identify the performance bottlenecks? - Performance Bottlenecks can be detected by using monitors. These monitors might be application server monitors, web server monitors, database server monitors and network monitors. They help in finding out the troubled area in our scenario which causes increased response time. The measurements made are usually performance response time, throughput, hits/sec, network delay graphs, etc.
28. If web server, database and Network are all fine where could be the problem? - The problem could be in the system itself or in the application server or in the code written for the application.
29. How did you find web server related issues? - Using Web resource monitors we can find the performance of web servers. Using these monitors we can analyze throughput on the web server, number of hits per second that
occurred during scenario, the number of http responses per second, the number of downloaded pages per second.
30. How did you find database related issues? - By running “Database” monitor and help of “Data Resource Graph” we can find database related issues. E.g. You can specify the resource you want to measure on before running the controller and than you can see database related issues
31. How did you plan the Load? What are the Criteria? - Load test is planned to decide the number of users, what kind of machines we are going to use and from where they are run. It is based on 2 important documents, Task Distribution Diagram and Transaction profile. Task Distribution Diagram gives us the information on number of users for a particular transaction and the time of the load. The peak usage and off-usage are decided from this Diagram. Transaction profile gives us the information about the transactions name and their priority levels with regard to the scenario we are deciding.
32. What does vuser_init action contain? - Vuser_init action contains procedures to login to a server.
33. What does vuser_end action contain? - Vuser_end section contains log off procedures.
34. What is think time? How do you change the threshold? - Think time is the time that a real user waits between actions. Example: When a user receives data from a server, the user may wait several seconds to review the data before responding. This delay is known as the think time. Changing the Threshold: Threshold level is the level below which the recorded think time will be ignored. The default value is five (5) seconds. We can change the think time threshold in the Recording options of the Vugen.
35. What is the difference between standard log and extended log? - The standard log sends a subset of functions and messages sent during script execution to a log. The subset depends on the Vuser type Extended log sends a detailed script execution messages to the output log. This is mainly used during debugging when we want information about: Parameter substitution. Data returned by the server. Advanced trace.
36. Explain the following functions: - lr_debug_message - The lr_debug_message function sends a debug message to the output log when the specified message class is set. lr_output_message - The lr_output_message function sends notifications to the Controller Output window and the Vuser log file. lr_error_message - The lr_error_message function sends an error message to the LoadRunner Output window. lrd_stmt - The lrd_stmt function associates a character string (usually a SQL statement) with a cursor. This function sets a SQL statement to be processed. lrd_fetch - The lrd_fetch function fetches the next row from the result set.
37. Throughput - If the throughput scales upward as time progresses and the number of Vusers increase, this indicates that the bandwidth is sufficient. If the graph were to remain relatively flat as the number of Vusers increased, it would
be reasonable to conclude that the bandwidth is constraining the volume of
data delivered.
38. Types of Goals in Goal-Oriented Scenario - Load Runner provides you with five different types of goals in a goal oriented scenario:
o The number of concurrent Vusers
o The number of hits per second
o The number of transactions per second
o The number of pages per minute
o The transaction response time that you want your scenario
39. Analysis Scenario (Bottlenecks): In Running Vuser graph correlated with the response time graph you can see that as the number of Vusers increases, the average response time of the check itinerary transaction very gradually increases. In other words, the average response time steadily increases as the load
increases. At 56 Vusers, there is a sudden, sharp increase in the average response
time. We say that the test broke the server. That is the mean time before failure (MTBF). The response time clearly began to degrade when there were more than 56 Vusers running simultaneously.
40. What is correlation? Explain the difference between automatic correlation and manual correlation? - Correlation is used to obtain data which are unique for each run of the script and which are generated by nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values and also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries). Automatic correlation is where we set some rules for correlation. It can be application server specific. Here values are replaced by data which are created by these rules. In manual correlation, the value we want to correlate is scanned and create correlation is used to correlate.
41. Where do you set automatic correlation options? - Automatic correlation from web point of view, can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire script and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database, can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created.
42. What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web vuser script? - Web_reg_save_param function saves dynamic data information to a parameter.
Regards,
Bharath Kumar penimalla
Interview Questions-Silk Test
Interview Questions-Silk Test
1. How does the Recovery System Work in SilkTest?
2. What is the purpose of user-defined base state method .?
3. What are the components of SilkTest .?
4. What are the important features of SilkTest as compare to other tools?
5. How to define new class in SilkTest?
6. What is SilkMeter and how does it works with SilkTest .?
1. How does the Recovery System Work in SilkTest?
2. What is the purpose of user-defined base state method .?
3. What are the components of SilkTest .?
4. What are the important features of SilkTest as compare to other tools?
5. How to define new class in SilkTest?
6. What is SilkMeter and how does it works with SilkTest .?
DataBase Notes
Unique key : 1) duplicate values not allowed
2)NULL values allowed
3)automatically index is created (unique index)
primary key
1) only one primary key allowed in one table
2) automatically NOTNULL, Unique, Index
Note:primary can be created on the combination of columns known as composite primary key
Max= 16 columns allowed
Similarly we can create Composite Unique key having max of 16 columns
Check :it is used to validate the values of pre_defined list
Ex: City IN (‘Pune’,’hyd’)
Sal>=(3000)
Reference Key(Foreignkey); Used for parent or child relationship
More than one reference table in allowed for one table
Reference key possible if its own own primary key … known as self key
Note:
We can define the reference key with 2 key keywords
ON DELETE CASCADE
ONE DELTE SET NULL
ON DELETE CASCADE :when master data deleted , automatically child data deleted
ON DELTE SET NULL:when master data deleted child row not deleted and reference value becomes NULl
Data Integrity:
1) it allows only to enter valid date to DB
2) it can implemented through constraints
Index:
Is used for retrieval of rows using row id
Note:
It is a data base object
It is used by oracle to search data tablews
Index is created on columns
More than one index is possible in one table
Composite Index:
When we create index on combination of columns then it is known as composite index
Purpose if View:
Security
Simplify the complex logic
Joins:
Joins are used to retrieve the from more than one table in a single query
Types of joins
1) equi joins
2) Non _ equi joins
3) Self Joins
4) Outer join
Equi Join: it is used to display only matching rows from joining table
“=” operator is used
tables have a common columns with
1) same date type
2) same value
Syntax:select Col1,col2 … from from, ….. where .= .;
Non- Equijoins
It is used to join table when one column value of table falls in the range of two column value of other table
Operator not Used
Generally we use between operator
Non –equi join is also called as Between Join
Ex:selecte.ename,e.sal,g.sal,g.dradefrom emp e, salgrade g
Where e.sal between g.losal AND g.hisal;
Outer Join: is used to display
matching rows
non-matchingrows from one table
full outer join is possible in oracle 9i and not possible in oracle 8i
left, right, full introduced in oracle 9i
operator of outer join is (+)
(+) Operator can be used with only one table and only once in join condition
Example: select e.empno,e.ename,d.deptno from emp e, dept d
Where e.e.deptno(+) =d.deptno
Note:
OR/In Operators are not allowed
Sub query not allowed
Self Join: joining on same table
table must have atleast two columns with common
1.same data type
2.same values
Query;
Dispay manager name for each employee
Select A.empno,A.ename,b.enamefrom emp A , emp B where A.manager =B.empno
Self Outer Join:
Select A.empno,A.ename ,B.ename from emp A , emp B
Where A.mangaer = B.empno(+);
Self Non- equi Join;
Select D1.Dname,D2.Dname from DeptD1, Dept D2 where D1.deptno
Null Values not allowed
Duplicate values Allowed
Cursor: a cursor is a handle ora pointer to the context area through the cursor, pl/saql program can context area and what happens to it as the the statement processed
Trigger:
Trigger is an event when an event is occurs it automatically fires
2)NULL values allowed
3)automatically index is created (unique index)
primary key
1) only one primary key allowed in one table
2) automatically NOTNULL, Unique, Index
Note:primary can be created on the combination of columns known as composite primary key
Max= 16 columns allowed
Similarly we can create Composite Unique key having max of 16 columns
Check :it is used to validate the values of pre_defined list
Ex: City IN (‘Pune’,’hyd’)
Sal>=(3000)
Reference Key(Foreignkey); Used for parent or child relationship
More than one reference table in allowed for one table
Reference key possible if its own own primary key … known as self key
Note:
We can define the reference key with 2 key keywords
ON DELETE CASCADE
ONE DELTE SET NULL
ON DELETE CASCADE :when master data deleted , automatically child data deleted
ON DELTE SET NULL:when master data deleted child row not deleted and reference value becomes NULl
Data Integrity:
1) it allows only to enter valid date to DB
2) it can implemented through constraints
Index:
Is used for retrieval of rows using row id
Note:
It is a data base object
It is used by oracle to search data tablews
Index is created on columns
More than one index is possible in one table
Composite Index:
When we create index on combination of columns then it is known as composite index
Purpose if View:
Security
Simplify the complex logic
Joins:
Joins are used to retrieve the from more than one table in a single query
Types of joins
1) equi joins
2) Non _ equi joins
3) Self Joins
4) Outer join
Equi Join: it is used to display only matching rows from joining table
“=” operator is used
tables have a common columns with
1) same date type
2) same value
Syntax:select Col1,col2 … from from
Non- Equijoins
It is used to join table when one column value of table falls in the range of two column value of other table
Operator not Used
Generally we use between operator
Non –equi join is also called as Between Join
Ex:selecte.ename,e.sal,g.sal,g.dradefrom emp e, salgrade g
Where e.sal between g.losal AND g.hisal;
Outer Join: is used to display
matching rows
non-matchingrows from one table
full outer join is possible in oracle 9i and not possible in oracle 8i
left, right, full introduced in oracle 9i
operator of outer join is (+)
(+) Operator can be used with only one table and only once in join condition
Example: select e.empno,e.ename,d.deptno from emp e, dept d
Where e.e.deptno(+) =d.deptno
Note:
OR/In Operators are not allowed
Sub query not allowed
Self Join: joining on same table
table must have atleast two columns with common
1.same data type
2.same values
Query;
Dispay manager name for each employee
Select A.empno,A.ename,b.enamefrom emp A , emp B where A.manager =B.empno
Self Outer Join:
Select A.empno,A.ename ,B.ename from emp A , emp B
Where A.mangaer = B.empno(+);
Self Non- equi Join;
Select D1.Dname,D2.Dname from DeptD1, Dept D2 where D1.deptno
Null Values not allowed
Duplicate values Allowed
Cursor: a cursor is a handle ora pointer to the context area through the cursor, pl/saql program can context area and what happens to it as the the statement processed
Trigger:
Trigger is an event when an event is occurs it automatically fires
SEMANTIC SPACE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
SEMANTIC SPACE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is configuration Management
2. What is change management
3. What are Severity and priority levels
4. What is Data integrity and Data validity
5. What are the browsers available and explain their versions
6. Is it possible that Quality variates project to project
7. What are GUI Map files and explain their Contents
8. What is Data base check point and why we go for that
9. What is the difference between the Client server application and a Web application
10. Does Winrunner Supports Web applications
11. What is process Management
12. What is an Error, Defect, Bug
13. What is Quality
14. Which version of Winrunner you are using
15. What is Build Verification and why we go for it
16. What is Defect density
17. What is Integration testing
18. What is Static testing and types of Static testing
19. What is Validation testing
20. what is Data driven testing and why we go for data driven testing
21. what is the definition of Testing
22. What is Sanitation Testing
Regards,
Bharath Kumar penimalla
1. What is configuration Management
2. What is change management
3. What are Severity and priority levels
4. What is Data integrity and Data validity
5. What are the browsers available and explain their versions
6. Is it possible that Quality variates project to project
7. What are GUI Map files and explain their Contents
8. What is Data base check point and why we go for that
9. What is the difference between the Client server application and a Web application
10. Does Winrunner Supports Web applications
11. What is process Management
12. What is an Error, Defect, Bug
13. What is Quality
14. Which version of Winrunner you are using
15. What is Build Verification and why we go for it
16. What is Defect density
17. What is Integration testing
18. What is Static testing and types of Static testing
19. What is Validation testing
20. what is Data driven testing and why we go for data driven testing
21. what is the definition of Testing
22. What is Sanitation Testing
Regards,
Bharath Kumar penimalla
Thursday, June 14, 2007
Mphasis Interview Questions
MPHASIS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Explain Bug Life cycle
2. What is integration testing and regression testing
3. What is verification and validation
4. How does winrunner recognizes the project which is in custom build
5. What is expert view and tree view
6. How does QTP identifies the project
7. What is the difference between Winrunner and QTP
8. What is Test Director and which version of test director your are using in your project
9. What is a test plans
10. what are the contents present in a test plan
11. What is the risk of testing a project
Regards,
Bharath Kumar Penimalla
1. Explain Bug Life cycle
2. What is integration testing and regression testing
3. What is verification and validation
4. How does winrunner recognizes the project which is in custom build
5. What is expert view and tree view
6. How does QTP identifies the project
7. What is the difference between Winrunner and QTP
8. What is Test Director and which version of test director your are using in your project
9. What is a test plans
10. what are the contents present in a test plan
11. What is the risk of testing a project
Regards,
Bharath Kumar Penimalla
Testing
Hi All,
Welcome to the testing world
this blog is for exchanging the knowledge on Testing
who are trying for testing jobs and who are preparing for testing certifications alo can share it
Bharath Kumar Penimalla
Welcome to the testing world
this blog is for exchanging the knowledge on Testing
who are trying for testing jobs and who are preparing for testing certifications alo can share it
Bharath Kumar Penimalla
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